By: Ruyi Lin
A 2,200-year-old device found in a Greek shipwreck in 1901, the Antikythera mechanism, often called the world’s first analog computer, has sparked a new fact-or-fiction debate among researchers. A recent study published in The Horological Journal challenges a major idea about the mechanism’s design and purpose.
Researchers Dr. Graham Woan and Dr. Joseph Bayley from the University of Glasgow used methods from gravitational wave astronomy (a study of bent space-time due to acceleration) to study the mechanism’s calendar ring. This week, a study published in The Horological Journal suggest the ring originally had 354 holes, matching a lunar calendar of 354 days, instead of the previously believed solar calendar with 365 holes. Going against prior information about the artifact, this discovery could change how the device is perceived.
Although they admit they are not experts on the device, Dr. Woan and Dr. Bayley believe that the evidence strongly supports a lunar calendar idea. Their study proposes that if the calendar ring does show a lunar year, it would make current models of the Antikythera mechanism incorrect, leading to a new perspective at its design and purpose.
However, some experts are doubtful. Tony Freeth, an honorary professor at University College London and a leading expert on the Antikythera mechanism, rejects the new study’s findings. Freeth notes that the device already includes a precise lunar calendar based on the 19-year Metonic cycle (a 19-year period in which the moon’s phases repeat on the same days of the solar year). He questions the need for a second lunar calendar on the computer, arguing that such duplication would be unlikely given the device’s advanced design.
As the debate continues, the Antikythera mechanism remains a piece of ancient technology with many things to uncover. The ongoing research and different opinions show the complexity and mystery of this ancient device, making sure it will keep capturing the interest of enthusiasts.
Image Credit by Felix Mittermeier